Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 (мужчины). Футбол на универсиаде 2013
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 (мужчины) — Википедия
Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Соревнования по футболу среди мужских команд на XXVII летней Универсиаде в Казани прошли с 5 по 16 июля 2013 года и завершились победой сборной Франции.
В турнире приняли участие 16 команд, распределённые на предварительном этапе на 4 группы по 4 команды. В каждой из групп команды сыграли друг с другом по одному матчу. Две лучшие команды из каждой группы продолжили борьбу за места с 1 по 8 по системе плей-офф. Команды, занявшие 3 и 4 места в группах, разыграли места с 9 по 16.
Медалисты
Видео по теме
Составы
Россия: 1. Кобозев, 2. Устинов, 3. Голубев, 4. Никитин, 5. Мищенко, 6. Васильев, 7. Байрамян, 8. Фомин, 9. Бочаров, 10. Чочиев, 11. Безлихотнов, 12. Генералов, 13. Коротаев, 14. Жестоков, 15. Зуев, 16. Никитинский, 17. Дядюн, 18. Делькин, 19. Войнов, 20. Никифоров, гл. тренер Игорь Шалимов.
Групповой этап
Группа A
 Россия | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 6 |
 Ирландия | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
 Мексика | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 4 |
 Китай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | -2 | 2 |
Группа B
 Япония | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 | 9 |
 Украина | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 7 | -1 | 4 |
 Уругвай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | -1 | 2 |
 Турция | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | –6 | 1 |
Группа C
 Великобритания | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 3 |
 Малайзия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
 Италия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | –1 | 3 |
 Алжир1 | — | |||||||
1: ↑ Сборная Алжира снялась с соревнований.
Группа D
 Франция | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 5 |
 Канада | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 5 |
 Бразилия | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 5 |
 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | –6 | 0 |
wikipedia.green
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 Википедия
Соревнования по футболу на летней Универсиаде 2013 прошли с 5 по 16 июля 2013 года и завершились победой сборных Франции среди мужчин и Великобритании среди женщин.
Жеребьёвка мужского и женского футбольных турниров состоялась 6 апреля 2013 года в гостиничном торгово-развлекательном комплексе «Корстон» в Казани. Сборная России на правах страны-хозяйки Универсиады, как и в мужском, так и в женском турнире, была посеяна в группе A под номером 1[1].
Арены[ | код]
| 1460 зрителей | |
| «Ракета» | 7500 зрителей |
| «Рубин» | 9000 зрителей |
| «Трудовые резервы» | 5017 зрителей |
Соревнования[ | код]
| П | Предварительный раунд | ¼ | Четвертьфиналы | ½ | Полуфиналы | Б | Матч за 3-е место | Ф | Финал |
Мужской турнир[ | код]
|
ru-wiki.ru
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 — Википедия
Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Текущая версия страницы пока не проверялась опытными участниками и может значительно отличаться от версии, проверенной 11 июля 2013; проверки требуют 17 правок.
Соревнования по футболу на летней Универсиаде 2013 прошли с 5 по 16 июля 2013 года и завершились победой сборных Франции среди мужчин и Великобритании среди женщин.
Жеребьёвка мужского и женского футбольных турниров состоялась 6 апреля 2013 года в гостиничном торгово-развлекательном комплексе «Корстон» в Казани. Сборная России на правах страны-хозяйки Универсиады, как и в мужском, так и в женском турнире, была посеяна в группе A под номером 1[1].
| «Олимп» | 1460 зрителей |
| «Ракета» | 7500 зрителей |
| «Рубин» | 9000 зрителей |
| «Трудовые резервы» | 5017 зрителей |
| П | Предварительный раунд | ¼ | ½ | Полуфиналы | Б | Матч за 3-е место | Ф | Финал |
Мужской турнир[править | править код]
1:↑ Сборная Алжира снялась с соревнований.
Женский турнир[править | править код]
ru.wikiyy.com
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 (мужчины) Википедия
Соревнования по футболу среди мужских команд на XXVII летней Универсиаде в Казани прошли с 5 по 16 июля 2013 года и завершились победой сборной Франции.
В турнире приняли участие 16 команд, распределённые на предварительном этапе на 4 группы по 4 команды. В каждой из групп команды сыграли друг с другом по одному матчу. Две лучшие команды из каждой группы продолжили борьбу за места с 1 по 8 по системе плей-офф. Команды, занявшие 3 и 4 места в группах, разыграли места с 9 по 16.
Медалисты
Составы
Россия: 1. Кобозев, 2. Устинов, 3. Голубев, 4. Никитин, 5. Мищенко, 6. Васильев, 7. Байрамян, 8. Фомин, 9. Бочаров, 10. Чочиев, 11. Безлихотнов, 12. Генералов, 13. Коротаев, 14. Жестоков, 15. Зуев, 16. Никитинский, 17. Дядюн, 18. Делькин, 19. Войнов, 20. Никифоров, гл. тренер Игорь Шалимов.
Групповой этап
Группа A
 Россия | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 6 |
 Ирландия | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
 Мексика | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 4 |
 Китай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | -2 | 2 |
Группа B
 Япония | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 | 9 |
 Украина | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 7 | -1 | 4 |
 Уругвай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | -1 | 2 |
 Турция | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | –6 | 1 |
Группа C
 Великобритания | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 3 |
 Малайзия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
 Италия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | –1 | 3 |
 Алжир1 | — | |||||||
1: ↑ Сборная Алжира снялась с соревнований.
Группа D
 Франция | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 5 |
 Канада | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 5 |
 Бразилия | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 5 |
 Перу | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | –6 | 0 |
Плей-офф
Четвертьфиналы
За 9-16 места
За 1-8 места
Полуфиналы
За 13-16 места
За 9-12 места
За 5-8 места
За 1-4 места
Матч за 15-е место
Матч за 13-е место
Матч за 11-е место
Матч за 9-е место
Матч за 7-е место
Матч за 5-е место
Матч за 3-е место
Финал
Финальная расстановка
Ссылки
wikiredia.ru
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013 (мужчины) Вики
Соревнования по футболу среди мужских команд на XXVII летней Универсиаде в Казани прошли с 5 по 16 июля 2013 года и завершились победой сборной Франции.
В турнире приняли участие 16 команд, распределённые на предварительном этапе на 4 группы по 4 команды. В каждой из групп команды сыграли друг с другом по одному матчу. Две лучшие команды из каждой группы продолжили борьбу за места с 1 по 8 по системе плей-офф. Команды, занявшие 3 и 4 места в группах, разыграли места с 9 по 16.
Медалисты[ | код]
Составы[ | код]
Россия: 1. Кобозев, 2. Устинов, 3. Голубев, 4. Никитин, 5. Мищенко, 6. Васильев, 7. Байрамян, 8. Фомин, 9. Бочаров, 10. Чочиев, 11. Безлихотнов, 12. Генералов, 13. Коротаев, 14. Жестоков, 15. Зуев, 16. Никитинский, 17. Дядюн, 18. Делькин, 19. Войнов, 20. Никифоров, гл. тренер Игорь Шалимов.
Групповой этап[ | код]
Группа A[ | код]
| Россия | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 6 |
| Ирландия | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Мексика | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | −1 | 4 |
| Китай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | -2 | 2 |
Группа B[ | код]
| Япония | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 | 9 |
| Украина | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 7 | -1 | 4 |
| Уругвай | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | -1 | 2 |
| Турция | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | –6 | 1 |
Группа C[ | код]
| Великобритания | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 3 |
| Малайзия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Италия | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | –1 | 3 |
| Алжир1 | — | |||||||
1: ↑ Сборная Алжира снялась с соревнований.
Группа D[ | код]
| Франция | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 5 |
| Канада | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | +2 | 5 |
| Бразилия | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 5 |
| Перу | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | –6 | 0 |
Плей-офф[ | код]
Четвертьфиналы[ | код]
За 9-16 места[ | код]
За 1-8 места[ | код]
Полуфиналы[ | код]
За 13-16 места[ | код]
За 9-12 места[ | код]
За 5-8 места[ | код]
За 1-4 места[ | код]
Матч за 15-е место[ | код]
Матч за 13-е место[ | код]
Матч за 11-е место[ | код]
Матч за 9-е место[ | код]
Матч за 7-е место[ | код]
Матч за 5-е место[ | код]
Матч за 3-е место[ | код]
Финал[ | код]
Финальная расстановка[ | код]
Ссылки[ | код]
ru.wikibedia.ru
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ru.wikibedia.ru
Футбол на летней Универсиаде 2013
1. Летняя Универсиада 2013 – The 2013 Summer Universiade, officially known as the XXVII Summer Universiade, was held in the city of Kazan, the most northerly city ever to host a Summer Universiade. Over 10,400 university athletes from 162 countries participated in 13 mandatory and 14 optional sports, for the first time in history a Cultural Universiade was also included, with many festivals and shows held simultaneously with the sporting events. The Universiade was organized by the International University Sports Federation and by the authorities of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan had bid twice for the Universiade, the first attempt was for the 2011 Summer Universiade, but Kazan lost to Shenzhen by just two votes. The city applied again for the 2013 Summer Universiade, and won the right to host the Universiade, zones of activity of the Universiade were connected by renewed highways with two-level flyovers, including the completed Big Kazan Ring with a new LRT. In addition, a Kremlin bridge over the Kazanka River was rebuilt, the key transportation connector to the sporting and other venues from the Universiade Village was the Kazan Metro that had been built in 2005 and was expanded before the Universiade. A large part of works was carried out by JSC Institute Tatdorproject, Roszheldorproject, Energoprojekt. A total of 27 new stadia were built as venues for the event, the Games used 64 venues in all,36 of which were constructed specifically for the 2013 Summer Universiade. The 64 venues were concentrated in 4 zones across the city of Kazan, in addition, many sports venues for training functions were located elsewhere in Zarechye, and some of them in downtown Kazan. Nearly 400 sporting and cultural events have been staged on the campus since it opened its doors in 2010, shortly after the first move-in phase, an open-air step aerobics marathon was held that brought together up to 1,000 Universiade Village residents. The campus had hosted football, volleyball, and chess championships that can rightfully be called ‘international’ as a number of international students competed in them. The length of the relay was about 104,000 kilometers, after touring through 51 cities on five continents, the torch arrived in Vladivostok on 24 January, and on 25 January, the Russian leg of the Universiade torch relay began. The Russian section of the Universiade Torch Relay was held between January and July 2013, the Universiade Torch Relay celebrations took place in 30 cities across Russia, as well as 44 cities and towns of municipal districts of Tatarstan. The torch arrived at the Kazan Arena on the night of 6 July for the lighting of the cauldron at the Opening Ceremony, a total of 351 sets of medals were distributed during the two weeks of the competition. The medal design featured a globe emblazoned with the emblem and logo of the Universiade, the 2013 Summer Universiade opening and closing ceremonies were held on 6 and 17 July 2013, with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Premier Dmitry Medvedev in attendance accordingly. The ceremonies took place in the new Kazan Arena stadium with a capacity of 45,000 people. For the first time in the history of the Universiades, twenty-seven sports were included in Kazan 2013, of the optional sports chosen, belt wrestling, boxing, sambo, rugby sevens, and synchronized swimming made their debut at the 2013 Summer Universiade. A total of 162 nations were officially entered prior to the opening ceremony, in the list below, the number of athletes from each nation is given in parentheses. The largest national teams were from Russia, Ukraine, Canada, from the official web sites medal tally information, * Host nation Record Russia got almost half of gold medals and more than a quarter of all medals
2. Футбол – Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies making it the worlds most popular sport, the game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, the team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, the Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football, the first written reference to the inflated ball used in the game was in the mid-14th century, Þe heued fro þe body went, Als it were a foteballe. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word soccer was split off in 1863, according to Partha Mazumdar, the term soccer originated in England, first appearing in the 1880s as an Oxford -er abbreviation of the word association. Within the English-speaking world, association football is now usually called football in the United Kingdom and mainly soccer in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use football for the formal name. According to FIFA, the Chinese competitive game cuju is the earliest form of football for which there is scientific evidence, cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands and the intent was kicking a ball through an opening into a net. It was remarkably similar to football, though similarities to rugby occurred. During the Han Dynasty, cuju games were standardised and rules were established, phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup, athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence and they all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all football codes. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia, Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England
3. Казань – Kazan is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,143,535, it is the eighth most populous city in Russia, Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is a World Heritage Site, in April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the Third Capital of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the Sports capital of Russia, in 2015, Kazan was visited by 2.1 million tourists, which is a 20% increase in comparison with 2014. The Kazan Kremlin was visited by 1.5 million tourists in 2015 and hotel, the origin of the name Kazan is uncertain. The most accepted legends derive it from the Bulgar word qazan, one legend claims that the city was named after the river Kazanka, which was named after the son of a Bulgar governor dropped a copper cauldron into it. Other local legends, including research by the Tatar scholar Shigabetdin Marjani, if there was a Bulgar city on the site, estimates of the date of its foundation range from the early 11th century to the late 13th century. It was a border post between Volga Bulgaria and two Finnic tribes, the Mari and the Udmurt, another vexatious question is where the citadel was built originally. The oldest of these seems to be the Kremlin, if Kazan existed in the 11th and 12th centuries, it could have been a stop on a Volga trade route from Scandinavia to Baghdad. It was a center, and possibly a major city for Bulgar settlers in the Kazan region. Kazan became a center of a duchy which was a dependency of the Golden Horde, two centuries later, in the 1430s, Kipchak descendants of Genghis Khan, such as Ghiasetdin of Kazan, usurped power from its Bolghar dynasty. Some Tatars also went to Lithuania, brought by Vytautas the Great, in 1438, after the destruction of the Golden Horde, Kazan became the capital of the powerful Khanate of Kazan. The city bazaar, Taş Ayaq became the most important trade center in the region, craft-based manufacturing also thrived, as the city gained a reputation for its leather and gold goods, as well as for the opulence of its palaces and mosques. The citadel and Bolaq channel were reconstructed, giving the city a strong defensive capacity, the Russians managed to occupy the city briefly several times. Kazan Khanate was making constant plundering raids on Russia, slavery in Kazan Khanate was legal. The number of slaves was up to 10% of the population, most of the slaves were Russian people who were captured during raids. All captured men were forced to turn Mohammedan, otherwise they could be killed or sold into slavery to other Muslim countries, as a result of the Siege of Kazan in 1552, Russia under Ivan the Terrible conquered the city and massacred the majority of the population. Also as a result of the Siege of Kazan 8,000 slaves were set free, in spite of the fact that under the treaty of 1551 all Russian slaves must be released Kazan Khanate still kept a lot of Russian slaves
4. Франция – France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
5. Великобритания – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
6. Япония – Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
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